作者：GONG; Qi-hai; LI; Fei; JIN; Feng; WU; ...icariinicariinrisidealzheimerdiseaseparkinsonvasculardementiacerebralischemiacellprotection
摘要：Epimedium Brevicornum is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant possessing properties of sweet, warm, tonifying kidney, strong bones and rheumatism. Icariin, a flavonoid compound, is one of the main active ingredients of Epimedium. Icariinriside(ICS) is the main metabolite of icariin. Icariinand ICS have multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidative stress, improvement of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, and regulation of endocrine. We have conducted a series of studies on the neuroprotection and mechanisms of action of icariin and ICS for many years. The main findings are reported as follows.(1) Effect on Alzheimer disease(AD) model animals: Icariin significantly attenuated learning and memory loss, hippocampal neuron loss and senile plaque formation in APP/PS1 transgenic AD model mice, which may be related to inhibition of Aβ production and reduction of PDE5(phosphodiesterase 5).In addition, icariin significantly attenuated Aβ25-35-induced learning and memory decline and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in rats, which may be related to lowering PDE5 content and up-regulating BDNF/Trkb/CREB signaling pathway, inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and increasing expression of acetylcholinesterase(ACHE) and choline acetyltransferase(CHAT) in the hippocampus. At the same time, icariin can significantly improve the learning and memory dysfunction induced by amanita proline in rats, which may be related to the inhibition of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, antiexcitatory amino acid toxicity and regulation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.(2) Effects on Parkinson disease(PD) model animals: The study found that in LPS-induced dopaminergic neuron injury animal models and cell models, icariin can inhibit microglia by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, NO and COX-2. Activation of glial cells increases the expression of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and GDNF, increases the content of dopamine(DA) and its metabolites 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic a
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