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Exosomes as potential drug delivery tools for treatment of cardiovascular diseases

作者:Xi-yong; YU; Song-pei; LI

摘要:Exosomes serve as vesicles to deliver protein,lipids,nucleic acids or other cellular components,to neighboring or distant cells.Recent studies have highlighted the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived exosomes on cancer and cardiovascular diseases.Our previous studie.shave investigated the role of stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiac protection.Mesenchymalstem cells released miR-22-enriched exosomes after ischemic preconditioning and these exosomes showed protective effects oncardiomyocytes.MiR-21-conaining exosomes were secreted by H2O2-treated cardiac progenitor cells and protected cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced apoptosis.Heat-shock lead to the production ofheat shock factor 1-enriched exosomes from cardiac stem cells,which reducedapoptosis of cardiomyocytes.Given these important effects of exosomes in intercellular communications,exosomes have been proposed as a vector for drug delivery or other therapeutic purposes.However,cells secretea limited number of exosomes,which has hampered the development of exosomes for research and clinical application.Synthetic exosome-mimics by cellextrusion or cell membrane-cloaked nanoparticles,which canbe fabricated on a large-scale,provide novel platforms fordrug delivery.Two Korean groups fabricated exosome-mimetic nanovesicles by extruding monocytes or macrophages through a serial of filters and utilized these exosome-mimetics for the delivery of anti-tumor drug.Recently,cell membrane-cloaked nanoparticles have emergedas a potential tool for drug delivery with the advantages ofimmunocompatibility,stability and targeting capabilityfor the treatment of cancer.In summary,exosomes or exosome-mimics may serve as potential therapeutic tools for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

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