作者：宋毅decentralizedgovernmentlordandvassalobligationfiefhierarchicalloyaltymilitaryservicestableunit
摘要：In the early Middle Ages the Europe was a chaotic social environment.The empire was so vast that no king could build a centralized government,so the king depended on counts to administrate the regions.There were conflicts,wars,invasion and famine at that time.The decentralized government could not protect people from these sufferings,so the people just could search for the strong to secure them.The lord could provide protection to his vassals and grant fiefs to his vassals,and in turn vassals needed to perform their obligation to the lord.These obligation included loyalty,military service,assistance,offering material and counsel which stabilized the area that the lord ruled.The feudalism in the administration of Merovingian and Carolingian even after the breakup of Carolingian could illustrate the stable units of the empire.
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