作者：黄焱approachnorm
摘要：1970s, the main aspects European translation studies focused on were the empirical study of translation text, the description of translation process, as well as literature translation (Gentzler, 2001). Upon the massive descriptive research of Hebrew-English literature, Gideon Toury has developed Itamar Even-Zohar's polysystem theory and James Holmes's descriptive translation theory (Toury, 1980). Then Toury structured a complete approach for descriptive translation studies (Munday,2012). The norm of descriptive translation is the transcendence for traditional translation theory norm; it helps translators to build a comprehensive and objective cognation for translation activity, thus makes the translation theories fully used by translators (Toury, 1980).
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